First Issues, to 1875

First Issues, to 1875

Don Heller, 24 July 2019

This document is a "draft for public comment" -- it isn't finished yet, and its current location is not permanent.
If you have a suggestion of something to add, subtract, rewrite or reformat, please send email to dheller5720 'at' yahoo.com .

For best results, print this page in landscape mode.

This list was constructed to accompany the Timeline of Philatelic Literature, 1830-1875. It includes postage stamps and stamped envelopes in the main tables, with other items in the additional lists

Stamps by region
Stamps by purpose
Stamps by feature
Postal stationery, other than stamped envelopes
Disputed items
Bogus and speculative items

Notations

[G]
date from Gibbons catalogs

[M]
date from Michel catalogs

[S]
date from Scott catalogs (month and day are seldom given)

[v]
date confirmed by another reliable source

[d]
the nature of the item is disputed

?
date, not known or not stated

italic date, item not properly issued

[EDU]
earliest documented use; there may also be an earlier or later announcement date

(L)
local post, also noted as postmaster (several), canton (Switzerland), zemstvo (Russia), or carrier (US)

(P)
private post, including the US Independent Mails of 1839-45

(PL)
private local post

Dates in Russia are all old style (Julian). Dates in Greece, Romania, Serbia, etc., are noted as old/new. The difference was 12 days in this period.
Links to Wikipedia are included, but the information there is not always reliable, and seldom is complete.

Postage stamps, by year, month and day of issue (or first known use)

year	postage stamps		postal stationery (stamped envelopes)
1838			Nov. 1 [G]	Sydney (L)
1839
1840	May 6 [M] [G] May 6 [G] May	Britain (Penny Black, on sale May 1) Britain (2d blue, on sale May 6) Britain (VR Official, see separate list) (note 0)	Jan. 16 [G] May 6 [G] May 13 [EDU]	Britain, Parliament Britain (Mulready, on sale May 1) Mulready caricature
1841	Feb. 10 [M] [G] Mar. 13 [G]	Britain, Penny Red Britain, 2d blue with lines	Feb. 10	Britain, penny pink envelope
1842	Feb. 1 [M] [v] Aug. 16 [EDU] Dec.	City Despatch Post, New York (PL, Greig) U.S. City Despatch Post, New York (L, carrier) Philadelphia Despatch Post (PL, Robertson)
1843	Mar. 1 [M] Aug. 1 [M] Sep. 30 [M]	Zürich, 4 and 6 rappen (L, city and canton) Brazil, Bull's Eyes (authorized 30 Nov. 1841) Geneva, Double Geneva (L, city and canton)
1844	Jan. 25 [EDU] Mar. 14 [EDU] June June June July July 5 [EDU] July 29 [EDU] July/Aug. Aug. 1 [v]	American Letter Mail Co., New York, etc. (P) Hale & Co., Boston, etc. (P) Letter Express (Wells & Co.), Buffalo, etc. (P) Pomeroy's Letter Express, Buffalo, etc. (P) Boyd's City Express, New York (PL) Hoyt's Letter Express, Rochester, NY (P) Brainard & Co., New York, etc. (P) Overton & Co., Boston, etc. (P) Hartford Mail Route (P) W. Wyman's Letter Office, Boston, NY (P)	Nov. 24 [M]	Brunswick (L) (St.P. Fr.)
1845	Jan. 29 [EDU] Feb. before July July 1 [M] July 15 [EDU] Aug. 3 [EDU] Nov. 13 [EDU]	Jones' City Express, Brooklyn, NY (PL) City Mail Co., New York (PL) D.O. Blood & Co., Philadelphia (PL) Basel (L, canton) New York (postmaster) Baltimore (postmaster) St. Louis (postmaster)	Jan. 1 [v] July 23 [EDU] Sep. 7 [EDU] Dec. 1 [v]	Finland New Haven (postmaster) Baltimore (postmaster) St. Petersburg (L, Russia)
1846	May 9 [EDU] Aug. 21 [EDU] Aug. 25 [EDU] Aug. 28 [EDU] Dec. 13 [EDU] ? [S]	Alexandria (postmaster) Millbury (postmaster) Providence (postmaster) Brattleboro (postmaster) Boscawen (postmaster) Lockport (postmaster)	Feb. 27 [M] Feb. 27 [v] ? [S]	Geneva (L, canton) Moscow (L, Russia) Annapolis (postmaster), 1846 or 1847
1847	Apr. 24 [M] July 1 [M] Sep. 21 [M] [G]	Lady McLeod (PL, Trinidad) (Gibbons - Apr. 16) United States (July 2, EDU) Mauritius	Oct. 1 [v]	Thurn und Taxis (L) (Frankirter Stadt-Brief)
1848	Mar. 1 (?)	Bermuda (postmaster)	Dec. 1 [v]	Russia
1849	Jan. 1 [M] July 1 [M] Oct. 22 [M] Nov. 1 [M]	France (incl. Algeria) Belgium Swiss Confederation, transitional issues Bavaria	May 15 [v]	Hannover (L)
1850	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] [G] Jan. 3 [M] [G] May 18 [M] June 1 [M] June 1 [M] July 1 [M] [G] July 1 [M] Nov. 15 [M] Nov. 15 [M] Nov. 30 [M]	Spain New South Wales Victoria (intended to be Jan. 1) Switzerland, federal issues Austria, incl. Hungary Lombardy-Venetia British Guiana Saxony (on sale June 29) Prussia Schleswig-Holstein (used only in Holstein) Hannover (Dec. 1 early?)
1851	Jan. 1 [M] Apr. 1 [M] Apr. 1 [M] Apr. 23 [v] [G] May 1 [M] Aug. 14 [M] Sep. 1 [M] [G] Sep. 6 [M] [G] Oct. 1 [M] Oct. 15 [M]	Sardinia (incl. Piedmont) Denmark Tuscany Canada (Province) Baden Trinidad Nova Scotia New Brunswick -- Sep. 5? Hawaii Württemberg	Apr. 7 [v] Sep. 15 [M]	Canada (postmaster) [d] Prussia
1852	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 5 [M] Feb. 16 [v] Apr. 15 [M] [G] June 1 [M] June 1 [M] July 1 [M] [G] Sep. 15 [M]	Brunswick, Braunschweig Netherlands Papal States, Roman States Thurn und Taxis (Jan. 29?) Oldenburg Réunion (nominally Jan. 1) Barbados Modena Parma Scinde District Dawk (L, British India) (note 4) Luxembourg
1853	July 1 [M] July 1 [M] Sep. 1 [M] [G] Nov. 1 [M] [G]	Chile Portugal Cape of Good Hope Tasmania, Van Dieman's Land	July 1 (7, EDU) Dec. 26 [v]	United States Bremen (L)
1854	Feb. 1 [M] Aug. 1 [M] [G] Oct. 1 [M] [G] ? ? ?	Philippines Western Australia India (East India Co.) (earlier, Apr. 1, unissued) Bejuma (PL, postmaster, Venezuela) Burdell & Co.'s Express (PL, Australia) Adams & Co.'s Express (PL, California, US) [d]
1855	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] [G] Apr. 10 [M] Apr. 25 [v] July 1 [M] July 18 [M]	Norway South Australia Bremen Spanish Antilles (in Cuba) Sweden New Zealand (Gibbons, July 20)	Aug. 1 [M]	Brunswick
1856	Jan. 1 [M] [G] Mar. 3 [M] Apr. 1 [M] July 1 [M] July 25 [v] Aug. 1 [M] [v] Aug. 21 [M] Oct. 1 [M] July 1? ---	St. Helena Finland Danish West Indies Mecklenburg-Schwerin Spanish Antilles (in Puerto Rico) Mexico Argentina, Corrientes Uruguay (P, diligencia, carrier) Stockholm (L) Mexico, provisional issues (see below)	July 1 [M] Nov. 29 [v]	Mecklenburg-Schwerin British India
1857	Jan. 1 [M] [G] Apr. 1 [M] [G] May 26 [M] [G] June 20 [M] Dec. 1 [M] --- [M] ?	Newfoundland Ceylon Natal Tiflis (L, Russia) (older sources say Nov. 1857) Pacific Steam Navigation Co. (provisional, Peru) Argentina, Buenos Aires [not issued] Gauthier Freres & Cie. (P)	Apr. 15 [v] July 2 [v]	Hannover Ceylon
1858	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1/13 [M] Mar. 10 [M] Mar. [M] Apr. 29 [M] May 1 [M] July 21 / Aug. 2 [M] Oct. 28 [S] [M] ? ? [M]	Naples Russia (more) (on sale Dec. 10/22, 1857) Peru Uruguay (P, Montevideo) Argentina, Buenos Aires Argentine Confederation Romania, Moldavia (nominally July 15/27) Argentina, Córdoba Barnard's Cariboo Express (PL, British Columbia) Turkish Admiralty Steamship Co. (PL, Turkey) (note 5)	Oct. 1 [v] Dec. 9	Baden Warsaw (L)
1859	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] June 10 [M] [G] June 15 [M] [G] July 1 July 1 July 8 [Sassone] Aug. 27 [M] Sep. 1 [M] Sep. 1 [v] Sep. 21 [M] [G] Oct. 15 [M]	Hamburg Lübeck Sicily Venezuela Bahamas Ionian Islands French Colonies (note 6) Uruguay (Montevideo) (note 7) Tuscany (provisional gov't) Parma (provisional gov't) Romagna (provisional gov't) Colombia, Granadine Confederation Sierra Leone Modena (provisional gov't)	July 1 [M]	Saxony
1860	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] July 30 [v] Oct. [M] Nov. 1 [M] [G] Nov. 6 [M] Nov. 23 [M] [G] Dec. 1 [M] [G] Dec. 18 [M] [G]	New Caledonia Tuscany (provisional gov't) Poland (Dec. 20, 1859 / Jan. 1, 1860) British Columbia and Vancouver Island (note 8) Liberia Queensland Naples (provisional gov't) Jamaica Malta St. Lucia	Jan. 1 [v] Feb. 1 [v]	Poland Canada
1861	Jan. 1 [M] [G] Feb. 14 [M] Apr. [v] May 8 [M] [G] June 3 [M] [G] June 7 [EDU] Oct. 1/13 [M] Oct. 16 [M] [v] Nov. 1 [M] ? [M] Sep. ?	Prince Edward Island Naples (as province of Sicily or Italy) Wells, Fargo & Co., Pony Express (P, US) St. Vincent Grenada Confederate States, postmaster provisionals Greece Confederate States Bergedorf Nevis Colombia, United States of New Granada United States of Colombia (late 1861, early 1862)	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 15 [v] Jan. 15 [v] June 1 [EDU] Oct. 1 [v]	Oldenburg Austria, incl. Hungary Lombardy-Venetia Confederate States, postmaster provisionals Thurn und Taxis
1862	Jan. 11 [M] Feb. 24 [M] June 26 / July 8 [M] July 19 [G] Aug. [M] [G] Dec. 2 [M] Dec. 8 [M] [G] ? [M]	Argentine Republic Italy (Kingdom) (Mar. 1, nominal) Romania, Moldavia-Wallachia Nevis Antigua Nicaragua Hong Kong Wenden (Livonia) (L, Russia)	? Oct. 1 [v]	Mauritius Württemberg
1863	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 13 [M] Feb. 11? Apr. [M] Aug. [M] ? ---	Russian Levant (offices in Turkey) Turkey Italy Costa Rica Moscow, St. Petersburg (L, Russia) Colombia, Bolívar Bolivia, Garcia contract, unissued	July 1 [M]	Lübeck
1864	Mar. 1 [M] Mar. 10 [M] Apr. 1 [S] [M] Apr. 13 [M] July [M] Oct. 1 [M] Nov. [G] ---	Holstein and Lauenburg Schleswig Netherlands Indies Uruguay (republic) La Guaira (PL, Venezuela) Mecklenburg-Strelitz Soruth (India state) Switzerland, hotel posts (see below)	July 1 [v] Oct. 1 [M] Dec. 21 [M] ?	Austria, Levant Mecklenburg-Strelitz Denmark Boyd's City Post (PL, New York)
1865	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 9/21 [M] Feb. 22 [M] Sep. 19 [M] [G] Sep. 25 [M] [G] Sep. Oct. 18 [M] Nov. 1 [M] [G] Nov. 1 [M] Nov. 1 [M] Dec. 1 [M] [G] Dec. 1 [M] ? [M] ? [M]	Ecuador Romania Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg Vancouver Island Bermuda Russia, Shlisselburg Zemstvo (see below) Dominican Republic British Columbia Schleswig Holstein British Honduras Liannos & Co. (PL, Turkey) Shanghai (L), Municipal Council ROPiT (PL, Russia, Turkey) (note 1)
1866	Jan. 1 [M] [G] Jan. 1 [M] Mar. 25 [M], 23 [G] Apr. 15 [M] July 1 [M] July 1/13 [M] Dec. [M] [G] ? [M], Sep. [G] ? [M]	Egypt (British) Honduras [not issued?] Jammu and Kashmir (India state) DDSG (PL, Austria) (note 2) Tammerfors (L, Finland) Serbia Virgin Islands (British) Kashmir (India state) T.B. Morton & Co. (PL, Turkey) (June 1869?)	Apr. 5 [M] Apr.	Hamburg Uruguay
1867	Jan. 17 Apr. 4 [M] [G] mid-Apr. [M] Apr. [M] June 1 [M] June [M] Sep. 1 [S] [M] [G] Sep. [G] ? [M] ?	El Salvador (May [M]) Turks Islands Heligoland (Mar. 21 [G]) Bolivia Hungary (note 9) Austrian Levant (offices in Turkey) Straits Settlements Jammu (India state) DBSR (PL, Turkey) (note 3) Coro and La Vela (PL, Venezuela)	June 1 [M] June [M] July ?	Hungary (note 9) Austrian Levant Brazil Switzerland (federal)
1868	Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] Jan. 1 [M] [G] Apr. 1 [M] [G] July 8 [M] [G] Sep. 1 Sep. [M] Dec. [M] ? [M] ? [M]	Azores Madeira North German Confederation Orange Free State Canada (Dominion) Suez Canal Co. (PL, Egypt) Colombia, Antioquia Fernando Poo (or Po or Pó) Spain, provisional gov't Persia (Iran) Asia Minor Steamship Co. (PL, Turkey)	Jan. 1 [M]	North German Confederation
1869	Jan. 1 Mar. 1 [S] [M] [G] Mar. 18 [G]; [M] April [M] Sep. 1 [M], 8 [G]	Spain (free postage, see below) Sarawak Gambia Jesurun, Curaçao (PL, Venezuela) Hyderabad (India state)	Feb. 1 [M] March Nov. 1	Bavaria Transvaal Victoria
1870	Apr. 1 [M] [G] May 1 [M] [G] July 1 [M] Aug. 1 [M] Sep. 10 [M] Nov. 1 [M] [G] ? [M] ? [M] ? [M]	St. Christopher (St. Kitts) Transvaal (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek) Angola Paraguay Alsace-Lorraine (German occup.) Fiji Times Express (PL, Fiji) Colombia, Cundinamarca Colombia, Tolima São Tomé e Príncipe	Jan. 1 Jan. 1	New South Wales Turkey
1871	Mar. 1 [M] Apr. 20 [M] May 1 [M] May 5 Oct. 1 [M] Oct. [G] ? [M] ?	Guatemala Japan Hungary (independent post) Lorin-Maury agency (PL, Paris-St. Denis) Portuguese India Fiji -- Dec. 3 [M] Afghanistan (Kabul) St. Lucia Steam Conveyance Co. (PL)	?	Hungary (independent post)
1872	Jan. 1 [M] ? [G] ?	Germany (Empire) Bhopal (India state) Murray Steam Navigation Co. (PL, Australia)	Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1	Germany (Reichspost) Norway Sweden
1873	Jan. 1 [M] Feb. 1 [M] May 23 [M] July 15 [M] July 1 [M] Oct. [M] ?	Iceland Cuba Curaçao Puerto Rico (Cuba, overprinted) Spain, Carlist issues Suriname Turkey, Constantinople city post (L)	? Aug. 1 Dec. 1	United States, official envelopes Belgium Japan
1874	Jan. 1 [M]	Italian offices abroad, general issue
	May 4 [M] [G]	Dominica
	May 1/13 [M]	Montenegro
	June 10 [M] [G]	Lagos (Nigeria)
	Sep. [M] [G]	Griqualand West
	? [M] [G]	Jhind (India state)
	Apr. 15	Spain, Catalonia
	Sep.	Spain, Valencia
	?	Mount Currie Express (PL, South Africa)
1875	Apr.	Royal Mail Steam Packet Co. (PL, Carribean)
1875	July 1 [M] [G]	Gold Coast

Notes

(note 0) The Penny Black is known used on May 2 and May 5, prior to its validity on May 6. The Twopenny Blue is known used (one each) on May 6 and May 7, but not generally used until May 8.
(note 1) ROPiT = РОПиТ = Русское общество пароходства и торговли = Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company, Russian Company of Steam Navigation and Commerce.
(note 2) DDSG = Donau-Dampfschiffahrt-Gesellschaft = Danube Steam Navigation Co.
(note 3) DBSR = Danube and Black Sea Railway and Kustendje Harbour Co.
(note 4) The Scinde District stamps were issued by the East India Company, in a part of British India that is today part of Pakistan.
(note 5) Turkish Admiralty Steamship Co.; Hurt and Williams say 1859, and it was probably identical to Piroscafi Ottomani.
(note 6) French Colonies, 1859, general issue; Michel only says 1859; Yvert said June 1 in their 1936 catalog.
(note 7) Uruguay (Montevideo); Michel says June 26, but it is not clear if this is for 1859 or 1862.
(note 8) British Columbia and Vancouver Island; Michel and Gibbons say only 1860; Holmes says July 30; Robson Lowe Encyclopedia says EDU Apr. 30, 1860.
(note 9) Hungary, June 1, 1867, concurrent issue with Austria.

Not listed here,

Cutouts from postal stationery that were valid for postage. For example, Geneva, 1846.
Stamps of the "mother country" used in a colony, or in offices established in another country. For example, see Scott and Gibbons for British stamps, and Michel for German.

Some historical dates,

1861, Mar. 17, Kingdom of Sardinia renamed Kingdom of Italy

Postage stamp issues, by region

Britain, circular and parcel delivery companies (P)

1865, Oct., Edinburgh and Leith Circular Delivery Co.
1865, Oct., Edinburgh and Leith Parcel Delivery Co.
1866, Feb., Clark & Co., Edinburgh
1866, Sep., London Circular Delivery Co.
1866, Dec., Glasgow Circular Delivery Co.
1867, Mar., Metropolitan Circular Delivery Co.
1867, Apr., Liverpool Circular Delivery Co.
1867, Apr., London and Districts Circular Delivery Co.
1867, Apr., National Circular Delivery Co.
1867, May, Aberdeen Circular Delivery Co.
1867, May, Dundee Circular Delivery Co.

More details are provided in the Gibbons Specialized Catalogue. The Post Office pursued a court case which concluded in Aug. 1867 that these companies were in violation of the Post Office monopoly.

Britain, college posts (PL)

1871, Nov. 29, Keble College, Oxford [SCM, Nov. 1871, vol. 9, p. 170]
1879, Hertford College, Oxford (the stamps had been delivered in 1875 but remained unused)

More details are provided in the Gibbons Specialized Catalogue, and [Sigee]. Further issues continued until the Post Office objected in 1886.

Confederate States of America, postmaster provisionals

3 c. rate, after secession but before the CSA Post Office began operations on June 1, 1861

7 towns, EDU Feb. 13, 1861 -- Madison Court House, FL

5 c. or 10 c. rate, between June 1 and Oct. 16, 1861

145-148 towns, depending on who is counting
postage stamps, 46 towns, EDU June 7, 1861 -- Hillsboro, NC; Macon, GA; Marion, VA
press-printed envelopes, 10 towns, EDU June 4, 1861 -- Lynchburg, VA
handstamped envelopes, 101-106 towns, EDU June 1, 1861 -- Savannah, GA [HR Harmer, sale 3015-3016, lot 367, link]

June 3, 1861 -- Atlanta, GA; Jackson, MS; Montgomery, AL

Denmark, local posts

1870, Mar. 2, Holte, Baumann

Finland, local posts

1866, Helsingfors
1867, Wanajavesi Steamship Co.
1874, Skargards Trafik Aktiebolaget
1875 (?), Sibbo

Mexico, provisional issues

1856, Oct., Tlacotalpan [M]
1866, Chiapas; 1867 [M]
1867, Cuautla
1867, Cuernavaca [M]
1867, Guadalajara [M]
1872, Chihuahua

Norway, local posts

1865, Bergen
1865, Nov. 17, Trondheim, Georg F. Krogh
1868, Drammen, I.B. Hagen
1869, May 4, Drammen, G.O. Ulleberg

Switzerland, hotel posts [M]

1864, Rigi-Kaltbad
1868, Rigi-Scheideck
1870, Maderanerthal
1870, Rigi-Kulm, Hotel du Righi-Coulm
1871, Kurort Stoos
1873, Belalp
1882, Mont Prosa
1882, Piora-thal

Russia, Zemstvo postage stamps

Except for the first item, the month of issue is not given here. In most cases it is not known, or not certain.
Dates and transliteration follow Artuchov; other sources may differ.

1865, Sep., Schlisselburg (St. Petersburg)
1866, Dneprovsk (Tavrida), Verkhnednieprovsk (Yekaterinoslav)
1867, Alatyir (Simbirsk), Kherson (Kherson), Kozelets (Chernigov), Melitopol (Tavrida), Nolinsk (Viatka), Ryazan (Ryazan), Rzhev (Tver)
1868, Byelozersk (Novgorod), Borovichy (Novgorod), Bronnitzi (Moscow), Demiansk (Tver), Glazov (Viatka), Novgorod (Novgorod), Piriatin (Poltawa), Soumy (Kharkov), Tikhvin (Novgorod), Yegorevsk (Riazan)
1869, Alexandria (Kherson), Kassimov (Riazan), Kirillov (Novgorod), Kotelnich (Viatka), Livny (Orel), Luga (St. Petersburg), Malmyzh (Viatka), Maloarkhangelsk (Orel), Novaya Ladoga (St. Petersburg), Pavlograd (Yekaterinoslav), Tver (Tver)
1870, Berdyansk (Tavrida), Kharkov (Kharkov), Krapivna (Tula), Sapozhok (Ryazan), Shadrinsk (Perm), Tambov (Tambov), Yelisavetgrad (Kherson)
1871, Atkarsk (Saratov), Bogorodsk (Moscow), Boghuchary (Voronezh), Chern (Tula), Dmitriev (Kursk), Kadnikov (Vologda), Kolomna (Moscow), Mariupol (Yekaterinoslav), Okhansk (Perm), Orgeev (Bessarabia), Pereyaslav (Poltava), Podolsk (Moscow), Pskov (Pskov), Rostov (Don), Shatsk (Tambov), Skopin (Ryazan), Valdai (Novgorod), Vasil (Nizhni-Novgorod), Vessegonsk (Tver)
1872, Akhtyirka (Kharkov), Bobrov (Voronezh), Borisoglyebsk (Tambov), Byezhetsk (Tver), Lebedian (Tambov), Perm (Perm), Syzran (Simbirsk), Ustsysolsk (Vologda), Volchansk (Kharkov), Yekaterinoslav (Yekaterinoslav)
1873, Dankov (Ryazan), Dukhovstschina (Smolensk), Griazovets (Vologda), Pereslavl (Vladimir), Tiraspol (Kherson), Yelets (Orel)
1874, Arzamas (Nizhni-Novgorod), Chembary (Penza), Dmitrov (Moscow), Gdov (St. Petersburg), Irbit (Perm), Zemlyansk (Voronezh)
1875, Ananiev (Kherson), Kremenchug (Poltava), Ostrov (Pskov)

Russia, Zemtsvo stamped envelopes

1869, Bogorodsk (Moscow)
Fatezh (Kursk)

Turkey, shipping companies

1858, Admiralty, Ammiragliato
1868, Asia Minor Steam Ship Co.
1866, T.B. Morton & Co.

US, Private Local Posts (excepting Independent Mails, 1839-45)

long list, see the Scott US Specialized catalog

Postage stamp issues, by purpose

Revenue (fiscal) stamps, which were also valid for postage.

Tasmania, Scott AR1-23.
Victoria, Scott AR1-12.
many more
The Sardinia "cavallini" letter sheets of 1819 and 1820 paid a fiscal tax on letters sent outside the mails.
The British Receipt and Draft stamps issued in Oct. 1853, and Inland Revenue stamps issued in April and May 1860, were authorized for postal use in 1881.

Free postage, Franchise stamps

1869, Jan. 1 [M], Spain, free postage (to June 30, 1869) for the book by Diego Castell Fernandez, La Cartilla Postale de España
1870/71, Switzerland, for the International Red Cross

Newspaper stamps

1851, Jan. 1 [M], Austria, incl. Hungary and Lombardy-Venetia
1854, Adams & Co.'s Express (PL, California, US) [disputed]
1861, Jan. 1, Sardinia (Sassone, Francobolli per stampati; Michel, Freimarken)
1861, Wells Fargo & Co. (PL, California, US)
1862, May 1, Italy (Sassone, Francobolli per stampati; Michel, Freimarken)
1865, Sep. [S], US
1866, May 1/13 [M], Serbia
1866, June 1 [M], Belgium
1867, June 1 [M], Hungary, concurrent issue with Austria
1867, July 1 [M], Spain
1868, France (EDU, 13 Jan. 1869)
1870, Oct. 1, Britain, but this is a newspaper-rate postage stamp, not a newspaper stamp
1871, May 1 [M], Hungary (independent post)
1873, Jan. 1 [M], New Zealand

In some cases, also valid for printed matter of other types.

Newspaper Tax stamps

1853, Mar. 1 [M], Austria, incl. Hungary and Lombardy-Venetia
1853, Apr. 1 [M], Modena
1853, Apr. 15 [Sassone], Parma
1854, Oct. 1 [M], Tuscany
1858, Nov. 1 [M], Lombardy-Venetia
1866, Serbia, see note after Scott 13
1868 [M], Hungary (independent post)

Official stamps

1840, April/May [M] [G] [S], Britain, VR Official, not properly issued, although listed in the catalogues
1854, July 1 [M], Spain
1866, Aug. 1 [M] [G], British India
1868, Apr. 1 [G], South Australia (overprints)
1869, Dec. [M], Ceylon (overprints), unissued
1870, Jan. 1 [M], North German Confederation
1870, Germany, Avers-Zettel (see Michel Germany Specialized)
1871, Apr. 1 [M], Denmark
1873, Oct. [M], Hyderabad
1873, Jan. 1 [M], Iceland
1873, July 1 [S] [M], US
1874, Jan. 1 [M], Sweden
1874, July 1, Germany, Gebührenzettel (see Michel Germany Specialized)
1875, July 1 [M], Württemberg
1875 [M] [G], British Guiana
1875, Italy
1875, July 1 [M], Luxembourg

Postage Due stamps

1845, Netherlands Indies (Michel, Service Stamps, Zustellungsmarken)
1859, Jan. 1 [M], France
1862, Oct. 1 [M], Baden, rural post
1862, Oct. 1 [M], Bavaria
1863, Jan. 1 [M], Italy
1863, Jan. 1 [M], Turkey
1866, Colombia, Sobreporte, see note in Scott
1870, May 15 [M], Netherlands
1870, Aug. 1 [M], Belgium
1874, Jan. 1 [M], Sweden
1874, July [M], Peru
1874, Netherlands Indies
1875, Mar. 1/13 [M], Greece

? - see Michel Europe 6 Netherlands, Overseas 2 Netherlands Antilles, Overseas 3.2 Surinam

Registration stamps

1854, Dec. 1 [M], Victoria
1856, Jan. 1 [M], New South Wales
1861, Jan. [M], Queensland
1865 [M], Colombia
1875, Nov. 15 [M] [G], Canada

Telegraph stamps

1853, Britain (private)
1860, Jan. [G], British India
1862, US, telegraph tax
1864, June 15 [M], Prussia
1864, Spain -- not in Michel
1866, Jan. 7 [M], Belgium
1866, Russia
1868, Jan. 1 [M], Switzerland
1868, Jan. 1 [M], France
1868, Cuba
1869, Aug. 1 [M], North German Confederation
1869, Brazil
1869 [M], Vienna (private)
1870, Jan. 1 [M], Bavaria
1871, Feb. 1 [G], New South Wales
1872, Nov. 1 [M], Germany
1873, Aug. 1 [M], Austria
1873 [M], Hungary
1875, Jan. 1 [M], Württemberg
1876, Feb. 1 [G], Britain (Post Office)

Other special-purpose stamps

1851, Sep. 29 [M], US, carrier fee
1855, Jan. 1 [M], Victoria, Late Fee
1860, Wells, Fargo & Co. (PL, New York), steamship express fee
1863, Hussey's Post (PL, New York), special-delivery fee
1865, Colombia, declared-value letter-seals, "cubiertas"

Some catalogues list these as postal stationery; they are large gummed labels with postal value.

1872 [M], Norway, Retourmarken
1874, Jan. 1 [M], Spain, War Tax
1874, Jan. 1 [M], Italy, "Biglietti di Recognizione Postale", postal identification booklets, postal passports
1875, July/Aug. [M], Mexico, Porte de Mar

Postage stamp issues, by feature

Perforations

1854, Jan. 28, Britain, after earlier trials in 1848, 1850 and 1853, and previous use on revenue stamps
1855, Sweden
1856, Norway
1857, Feb., US
1857, Victoria, roulette
1857, Western Australia, roulette
1858, Austria
1858, Jan. 10/22, Russia
etc.

Multiple colors

1845, July 1, Basel, Dove (black, crimson, blue)
etc.

Multiple parts

1843, Sep. 30, Geneva, Double Geneva (2 parts, each valid for postage)
1856, July 1, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (4 parts, each valid for postage)
Kotelnich, Zemstvo (stamp + receipt)
etc.

Pictorial

May 1840, Britain, Mulready envelopes and letter sheets
Oct. 1843, Philadelphia Despatch Post, "striding messenger", Scott 15L3
etc.

Overprints / surcharges

1844, June, Hale & Co. (private), Scott 75L3-4
late 1845 or early 1846, US City Despatch Post (governmental), 3c rate changed to 2c, Scott 6LB7
1855, Cuba, "Y 1/4" overprints, change of rate and jurisdiction (local to national)
etc.
Postmasters initials, handwritten, for validation purposes, were used in New York (1845, postmaster), British Guiana (1850), etc.
Overprints and underprints, for private security purposes, were first used in Britain in 1867, and unofficially long before that.

Perfins (perforated initials), for security purposes

1868, Britain
1872, Belgium

Bisects (authorized)

Unauthorized bisects include the British 2d blue used as 1d.

Postal stationery, other than stamped envelopes

Wrappers

1861, Oct., US
1864, Apr. 1, New South Wales
1868, Nov. 1, North German Confederation
1869, Sep. 8, Victoria
1870, Oct. 1, Gt. Britain, dated 10.1.70 in the design
1870, Oct. 3/15, Romania
1871, Switzerland, dated 20.3.71 in the design
1872, Apr., Japan
1872, May 28, Denmark
1872, Austria
1872, Oct. 1, Hungary

Letter sheets

1840, May 6, Great Britain (Mulready)
1850, Jan. 1, Finland
1857, Sep. 15, British India
US

Postal cards

1869, Oct. 1, Austria
1869, Oct. 1, Hungary
1870, July 8, Württemberg
1870, July - Sep., formula cards in Bavaria, North German Confederation, Baden, Luxembourg, Alsace-Lorraine
1870, Oct. 1, Britain
1870, Oct. 1, Switzerland
1871, Jan. 1, Belgium
1871, Jan. 1, Netherlands
1871, April 1, Denmark (also official use)
1871, June 1, Canada
1871, July 1, Germany (Empire)
1871, Oct. 1, Finland
1871, Dec. 24, Chile, formula card
1872, Jan. 1, Norway
1872, Jan. 1, Sweden (also official use, Jan. 1, 1874)
1872, May 1, Russia (also formula card, Jan. 1)
1872, Sep. 1, Ceylon
1873, Jan, 1, Shanghai, subscriber card
1873, Jan. 15, France, formula card
1873, Feb. 1, Austrian Levant Offices
1873, Apr. 1, Newfoundland
1873, May 12, United States
1873, June 1/13, Romania
1873, June 15, Heligoland, formula card
1873, July 1/13, Serbia
1873, Dec. 1, Spain
1873, Dec. 1, Japan
1874, Jan. 1, Italy
1875, Sep., Keble College, Oxford (PL)
1875, Nov. 12, Turkey, formula card

Receipts (stamped, or with text indicating the postal fees)

1870, Switzerland
1871, Oct. 8, Finland

Telegraph forms or cards

1870, Great Britain
1873, Austria
1873, Hungary

Money order cards

1865, formula cards, most of the German states plus Austria
1867, Switzerland
1870, Austria
1871, Hungary

Various other uses

1871, Austria, collection orders (nachnahmekarte)
1871, Dec. 15, Hungary, collection orders

Disputed items

Canada, 1851, New Carlisle - Gaspé, unique cover, offered by David Feldman private treaty at NY2016 (p.o.r.), the marking is either a postmaster provisional or a fancy rate marking; see BNAPS, New Carlisle
Fiji, 1871. The first government issue date was Oct. 1871 (according to Gibbons, no. 10-12) or Dec. 3, 1871 (according to Michel, no. xx-yy). As noted by Gibbons, the stamps arrived in Fiji from the printer in Sydney in Oct., and the postal law went into effect in Dec. Bacon suggests, from a postal notice, that the stamps were issued Oct. 9, 1871.

The Postal Act of Fiji, Sydney Morning Herald, Jan. 9, 1872, p. 5 (link). The act was passed in Dec. and came into force upon passage.
E.D. Bacon, The "Fiji Times Express" Stamps, and Early Government Issues of Fiji, London Philatelist, 1893, vol. 2, p. 5-8, 33-35 (link).

Adams & Co.'s Express, 1854, postage stamps, Scott 1L1-6; envelope stamps, Scott 1LU1-4; newspaper stamps, Scott 1LP1; see R. Frajola, The Adams Express Co.

Bogus items reported before 1875

Claimed to have been issued
1869, "Clara Rothe", supposedly a maritime service between St. Thomas and Puerto Rico.

See Stamp Collectors Magazine, 1869, p. 72, 87, 111, 121, 178; le Timbre-poste, 1869, p. 86.

Speculative essays reported before 1875

Submitted to the issuing authority, not claimed to have been issued
1865, Riester essays for Persia, Bolivia, Romania
Greece

When were these items first known to philately? (if after 1870)

Alexandria, 1846 postmaster -- 1872
Annapolis, 1846 postmaster -- 1895
Bermuda, 1848 postmaster -- 1897
Britain, 1840 Parliamentary envelopes -- 1881
Millbury, 1846 postmaster -- 1884
New Haven, 1845 postmaster -- 1871
Sydney, 1838 -- 1869 (listed in Dr. Gray's catalogue, 5th ed., 1870, p. 210)
etc.

First Report of The Postmaster General, on the Post Office, London, 1855, p. 41-43, 86-99; report dated 31 Jan. 1855.

In this list, there is no information about the nature of the stamps that have been issued, only that "Postage stamps have been introduced." Most of the information concerns rates and the rate structure; all weights, distances and fees were converted to British units, for easy comparison.
(*) Prepayment is encouraged by offering a lower rate to the sender than to the recipient. Stated to be in 12 countries, but only 10 are noted in the list.
At least 6 countries, and 16 colonies, having also issued stamps through the end of 1854, are omitted from the list.

Stamps have been issued by:

Austria (*)

Baden (*)

Bavaria (*)

Belgium

Brazil; compulsory prepayment

Brunswick

Chile (*)

Denmark (*)

France (*)

Frankfurt (for Hesse and Nassau) [Thurn und Taxis]

Hannover

Netherlands

Oldenburg

Portugal (*)

Prussia; also stamped envelopes

Russia; stamped envelopes only; compulsory prepayment

Sardinia

Saxony

Spain (*)

Switzerland

Tuscany

United States (*) (with no mention of the stamped envelopes issued since 1853)

Württemberg (*)

Stamps have not yet been issued by:

Bremen [Apr. 10, 1855]

Ecuador [Jan. 1, 1865]

Hamburg [Jan. 1, 1859]

Lübeck [Jan. 1, 1859]

Naples [Jan. 1, 1858]

New Granada [May 1, 1859]

Peru [1857-58]

Sweden [July 1, 1855]

Third Report of The Postmaster General, on the Post Office, London, 1857, p. 41-46; report dated 17 Mar. 1857.

Stamps have now also been issued by:

Barbados (*)

Canada

India (*)

Mauritius (*)

New Brunswick

New South Wales; compulsory prepayment

New Zealand

Nova Scotia

South Australia (*)

Tasmania; compulsory prepayment

Trinidad; compulsory prepayment

Victoria; compulsory prepayment

Western Australia; compulsory prepayment

Stamps have not yet been issued by:

Ceylon [Apr. 1, 1857]

Gold Coast [July 1, 1875]

Jamaica [Nov. 23, 1860]

Newfoundland [Jan. 1, 1857]

Prince Edward Island [Jan. 1, 1861]

No internal post has yet been established in Sierra Leone, and none was required in Heligoland or Vancouver's Island [omitted from the report].

The inquiries for this report were made in April 1855. For the inquiry and some of the replies, see Louis E. Bradbury, A True Account of the Discoveries at the Record Office, The London Philatelist, 1924, vol. 33, p. 211-218, 245-247, 269-271; 1925, vol. 34, p. 5-8, 41-43, 69-71; 1929, vol. 38, p. 207.

One day, if we have the energy, we'll add a list of the dates on which prepayment by postage stamps or stamped envelopes became compulsory.

1854, Oct. 1, Switzerland
1856, Jan. 1, United States
1859, Feb. 10, UK (link)

Consider adding these if there is better evidence (see Hurt & Williams)

1842, Piroscafi Ottomani (PL, Turkey); see Turkish Admiralty Steamship Co.

Handstamps reading P.P., etc. were in use from 1842.

1847, Posta Europea (PL, Egypt)

Handstamped franks were in use from 1847.

1857, Greek Navigation Co.

Handstamped franks were in use from 1857.

1870 (?), Sutherland & Co. Japan?

year and location uncertain

1871, Apr.. Moreau, Paris (PL)
1875, Hamburg-America Packet Co.

References (not a complete list!)

Nicholas Argenti, The Postage Stamps of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, 1962; reprinted, 1976.

Alex Artuchov, The Zemstvo Postage Stamps of Imperial Russia, 1987-2008, 6 vol.

Ritchie Bodily, Chris Jarvis, Charless Hahn, British Pictorial Envelopes of the 19th Century, 1984.

Jean-François Brun, Benoît Chandanson, Les deux premiers timbres-poste de l'île de la Réunion, 2008.

David Feldman, The Samuel S. Ting Collection of World-Wide First Issues, private-treaty offer, 2016; archived.

Fryer & Akerman, vol. 2, p. 1172-1175

The dates for Madrid, British Honduras, and Trinidad, are suspicious.

Stanley Gibbons, Ltd.,

Great Britain Specialised Stamp Catalogue, vol. 1, 16th ed., 2012.
Commonwealth and British Empire Stamps, 1840-1970, 2018.
Sectional catalogues, Australia (2016), Germany (2012), Italy & Switzerland (2013), Portugal & Spain (2011)

Alan Huggins, Alan Holyoake, The Mulready Postal Stationery, Its Genesis, Production and Usage, 2015.

E.F. Hurt and L.N. & M. Williams, Handbook of the Private Local Posts, 1950.

Mike Jackson, May Dates, A survey of Penny Blacks, Twopenny Blues, Mulreadys and Caricatures used during May 1840, 1999.

http://www.mjpublications.com/may_dates/1d_6_may.htm

Patricia A. Kaufmann, Francis J. Crown, Jr., Jerry S. Palazolo, Confederate States of America, Catalog and Handbook of Stamps and Postal History, Confederate Stamp Alliance, 2012.

Lindenberg, Briefumschläge

Linn's Stamp News, Stamp Issuing Entities Of The World

Michel

Europa, vol. 1-7, 2014.
Overseas/Übersee, vol. 1-10
Deutschland-Spezial, Band 1, 1849 bis April 1945, 2013.
Osterreich-Spezial, 2014.
Schweiz/Liechtenstein-Spezial, 2011.
Raritäten, Erstausgaben, to be published Dec. 2019

J.-B. Moens, Les Timbres-poste illustrés, 148 p., plus 54 plates, preface date Mar. 15, 1864.

chronology, European stamps and stamped envelopes, p. 21-22

Pratisad Neurgaonkar, Postal Stationery of British India, 1856-1947, 2009.

Ken Polsson, Chronology of Postage Stamps

references, some of which provide obviously wrong information

S. Ringström and H.E. Tester, The Private Ship Letter Stamps of the World, part 1, 1976.

Sassone, Italy Specialized, 2007.

Emanoil Alexandru Săvoiu, Romanian Postal Stationery, Specialized Catalog, 1870-1927, 2014.

Franz Schneiderbauer, Ganzsachen Österreich, 1977.

Scott

Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers
Classics, 1840-1940

Robert A. Siegel Auction Galleries, Inc.

Table of World Stamps Issued Prior to July 1, 1845, http://siegelauctions.com/enc/carriers/pre1845list.htm
The Gordon N. John Collection of United States Stamps Issued Before July 1845, Sale 868, Nov. 14, 2003, http://siegelauctions.com/2003/868/868.pdf
United States Independent Mail Stamps, 1844-1845, Dr. Carmen Puliafito exhibit, http://siegelauctions.com/exhibits/Puliafito_Ind_Mails.pdf
Civil War Timeline (1860-65), http://siegelauctions.com/enc/csa/csadates.htm

David C. Sigee, University Mails of Oxford and Cambridge, 1490-1900, 2012.

Ray C. Simpson, Peter J. Sargent, Stamp Perforation: The Somerset House Years, 1848 to 1880, 2006.

Spink/Maury, Catalogue de Timbres de France, 2016.

W. Raife Wellsted, Stuart Rossiter, John Flower, The Stamp Atlas, 1986.

available online from Sandafayre Stamps, http://www.sandafayre.com/stampatlas/introduction.html
We have not yet incorporated any information from this work.

Wikipedia

Postage stamp
List of entities that have issued postage stamps, A–E, F-L, M-Z

similar, in French, A-Z

Kenneth A. Wood, Where in the World? An Atlas for Stamp Collectors, 1983, 1985.
Kenneth A. Wood, The Modern World, Today's Atlas for Stamp Collectors, 1987.

Few details of stamps.

David A. Wyatt, Stamp Issuing Entities List

Last changed 24 July 2019

Timeline of Philatelic Literature, 1830-1875

[G]	date from Gibbons catalogs
[M]	date from Michel catalogs
[S]	date from Scott catalogs (month and day are seldom given)
[v]	date confirmed by another reliable source
[d]	the nature of the item is disputed
?	date, not known or not stated
italic	date, item not properly issued
[EDU]	earliest documented use; there may also be an earlier or later announcement date
(L)	local post, also noted as postmaster (several), canton (Switzerland), zemstvo (Russia), or carrier (US)
(P)	private post, including the US Independent Mails of 1839-45
(PL)	private local post